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Chapter 1 Water 1.1 Water- A Miracle Compound 1.2 Water on Earth 1.3 Water Quality 1.3.1 Trophic States 1.3.2 Dissolved Oxygen 1.3.3 Contaminants 1.4 Water Security 1.5 Water Resource Management 1.5.1 Water Harvesting 1.5.2 Recharge through Isotope Hydrology 1.6 Water Contaminants Monitoring through Isotope Techniques 1.7 Measurements of discharge rate in canals and mountainous rivers 1.8 Desalination & water Purification Chapter 2 Membrane Technologies for Water Purification 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Membranes 2.2.1 Isotropic (Symmetric) Membranes 2.2.2 Anisotropic (Asymmetric) Membranes 2.3 Membrane Technologies 2.3.1 Microfiltration 2.3.2 Ultrafiltration (UF) 2.3.3 Nanofiltration (NF) 2.3.4 Reverse Osmosis (RO) 2.3.5 Electrodialysis 2.4 Membrane Characteristics & Applications 2.5 Other Membrane Systems and Membranes for Water Purification 2.5.1 Membrane Contactor 2.5.2 Membrane Distillation 2.5.3 Biomimetic Membranes 2.6 Transport Mechanism in Membrane Filtration 2.6.1 Gel Polarization Model 2.6.2 Resistance Model 2.7 Transport Mechanism in Electrodialysis Membrane 2.8 Membrane Structures 2.8.1 Neutral Microporous Membranes 2.8.2 Asymmetric Microporous Membranes 2.9 Homogeneous Membranes 2.9.1 Homogeneous Polymer Membranes 2.10 Liquid Membrane 2.11 Ion-Exchange Membranes 2.12 Composite membranes 2.12.1 Preparation Method of Composite Membranes 2.13 Membrane Modules 2.13.1 Hollow Fiber Modules 2.13.2 Plate & Frame module 2.13.3 Tubular Membrane Module 2.13.4 Spiral Wound Module 2.13.5 Module Selection 2.14 Concentration Polarization & Fouling 2.14.1 Concentration Polarisation 2.14.2 Membrane Fouling 2.15 Materials for Different Membrane Processes 2.15.1 Materials for Ultrafiltration Membrane 2.15.2 Materials for Reverse Osmosis Membrane 2.15.3 Materials for Nanofiltration Membrane 2.15.4 Materials for Pervaporation Membranes 2.15.5 Materials for Ion Exchange Membranes 2.16 Need for Nanocomposite Membrane 2.17 Case Studies 2.17.1 On-line Water Purifier Based on Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane 2.17.2 Membrane Assisted Sorption Based Water Purification Installed in Rural Area 2.17.3 Ceramic Membrane Based Microfiltration Chapter 3 Nanotechnology for Water Purification 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Nanomaterials and Water Purification 3.3 Nanomaterial for Water Purification 3.3.1 Zeolites 3.3.2 Dendrimers 3.3.3 Metal containing nanoparticles 3.3.4 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 3.3.5 Other nanomaterials 3.4 Synthesis of nanomaterials 3.5 Nanotechnology: Health, Safety and Environment 3.6 Domestic Water Purification 3.6.1 Sustainability of a Water Purification Technology 3.6.2 Challenges with Integrated Nano-Based Systems for Water Purification Chapter 4 Nanocomposite Membranes in Water Treatment 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Nanocomposites 4.2.1 Carbon NanoTube (CNT) Reinforcement 4.2.2 Metal Oxide Reinforcement 4.2.3 Nano-Clay Reinforcement 4.2.4 Organic Materials Reinforcement 4.2.5 Dendrimers Reinforcement 4.2.6 Zeolite Reinforcement 4.2.7 Silver Reinforcement 4.2.8 Graphene Oxide (GO) Reinforcement 4.2.9 Hybrid Materials Reinforcement 4.3 Thin Film Nano-composite (TFN) 4.3.1 Chlorine Resistant Properties 4.3.2 Thermal Stability 4.3.3 Antifouling Properties 4.3.4 Antibacterial Properties 4.3.5 Permeability and Selectivity 4.3.6 Thin Film Composite with Nanocomposite Substrate 4.4 Bioinspired Membranes 4.4.1 Carbon Nanotube Membrane 4.4.2 Graphene Membranes 4.4.3 Aquaporin Membranes 4.5 Challenges & Opportunities Chapter 5 Desalination 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Global Desalination Scenario 5.3 Commercial Desalination Processes 5.3.1 Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) 5.3.2 Multi- Effect Distillation (MED) 5.3.3 Vapour Compression (VC) 5.3.4 Reverse Osmosis (RO) 5.3.5 Electrodialysis (ED) 5.3.6 Comparison 5.4 Nuclear Desalination 5.5 Low Carbon Desalination 5.6 Recovery of Valuables from Brine Effluent 5.7 Brackish Water Desalination 5.8 Alternate Technologies 5.8.1 Solar and Wind Powered Desalination 5.8.2 Membrane Distillation 5.8.3 Capacitive Deionisation (CDI) 5.8.4 Desalination through Carbon Aerogel (CAG) 5.8.5 Freezing 5.8.6 Water Harvesting from Air 5.8.7 Submarine Desalination 5.8.8 Thermocline Driven Desalination 5.8.9 Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) 5.9 Cost Reduction Strategies through Technological Innovations 5.10 Case Studies 5.10.1 Seawater Desalination 5.10.2 Brackish Water Desalination in Rural and Remote Area Chapter 6 Water Treatment and Purification 6.1 Drinking Water Purification 6.1.1 Common Contaminants in Water 6.1.2 Monitoring 6.1.3 Conventional Water Purification 6.1.3.1 Sedimentation and Coagulation 6.1.3.2 Chemical Disinfection 6.1.3.3 BioSand Filtration 6.1.3.4 Ceramic Filtration 6.1.3.5 Rice Husk Concrete Filtration 6.1.3.6 Colloidal Silver Based Filtration 6.1.3.7 Ion-Exchange as Water Softener 6.1.4 Recommendations 6.2 Industrial Water Treatment 6.2.1 Industrial Water Uses 6.2.2 Water Treatment in Industries 6.2.3 Case Studies 6.3 Water Treatment for the River Rejuvenation Chapter 7 Wastewater Treatment, Recycle & Reuse 7.1 Wastewater Treatment 7.2 Recycle and Reuse 7.2.1 Photocatalytic Method 7.2.2 Biotechnology 7.2.3 Membrane Processes for Recycle & Reuse 7.3 Industrial Wastewater 7.4 Case Studies 7.4.1 Wastewater in Tannery Industries 7.4.2 Recycle and Reuse in Textile Industries 7.5 Benefits of Water Reuse & Recovery of Valuables Chapter 8 Guidelines for Setting-up Plant based on Advanced Water Technology 8.1. Introduction 8.2 Selection of Technology 8.3 Site Selection & Field Studies 8.4 Utilities & Auxiliary Services 8.5 Project Description 8.5.1 Process Description 8.5.2 Waste Generation 8.6 Safety Considerations 8.7 Project Completion Period 8.8 Contract & Delivery Models 8.9 Financial Analysis 8.10 Environment Impact Assessment 8.10.1 Scope of the EIA Study Chapter 9 Challenges & Opportunities 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Challenges 9.2.1 Environmental Challenges 9.3 Rural Applications of the Technology 9.4 Environmental Protection and Pollution Prevention Aspects 9.5 Opportunities 9.6 Industry Academia Interaction 9.7 Business Model 9.8 Challenges & Opportunities Chapter 10 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Water Management 10.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Integrated Water Sector 10.2 AIoT Enabled Water Treatment 10.3 AIoT Driven Water Management 10.4 Sensor Development for AIoT in Water Sector 10.5 Major Focus Area

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